Stablecoins Were Meant to Disrupt Finance. Instead, They Became Idle Cash.

Stablecoins are probably crypto’s clearest success story, and rightly so. They became the industry’s monetary primitive; the dollar layer for trading, collateral, payments and settlement.

But they have scaled as money, not as capital.

Roughly $315 billion now sits in stablecoins, yet most of it still behaves like digital cash. They sit in wallets, on exchanges, and in corporate treasuries, easy to move but mostly doing nothing. We digitized dollars, but we did not make them work. For a sector obsessed with efficiency, that should feel uncomfortable. In traditional finance, idle cash is a temporary position, not somewhere you want to stay. Institutions sweep balances into money market funds and credit markets to earn yield and improve capital efficiency. The hundreds of billions sitting still in crypto are not a feature, they’re a bug.

Crypto tried to solve this with its own version of yield. We tried staking rewards, liquidity mining, and levered DeFi strategies. At first glance, they looked productive. But too much of that yield was circular. It depended on token emissions and fresh inflows, not real economic activity. That story is a much harder sell now. What investors want is yield that is durable, transparent, and tied to something real.

The next step is not more crypto-native yield. It is putting onchain dollars into real assets. The opportunity is not to build better wrappers for cash, but to connect onchain dollars to assets investors already know how to price: money market funds, U.S. treasuries, corporate bonds, and credit. This is not about chasing the hottest yield on the screen this week, but about making dollars onchain work harder without making them less useful.

This shift has already started. Tokenized real-world assets are now a meaningful onchain category beyond stablecoins, and tokenized treasuries alone are already worth billions. But treasury tokens by themselves do not fully solve the problem. In most cases, they remain separate investment products. The bigger opportunity is a dollar you can still use across crypto, while it quietly earns from real assets underneath.

That is where the policy debate is now centered. Once digital dollars can be held, moved, and posted as collateral while also earning, they stop looking like simple payment tools. They begin to compete with bank deposits, savings products, and cash management accounts. This is why U.S. banking groups have pushed Congress to restrict interest, yield, or rewards on stablecoin balances. This is not just a fight over product design. It is a fight over who gets to keep the economics.

That tension was on full display recently when JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon publicly criticized provisions in the CLARITY Act that would allow crypto firms to offer interest-like rewards on stablecoin balances without being regulated as banks. Dimon argued that any institution taking deposits should face the same capital, liquidity, reporting, and compliance requirements as traditional lenders, and warned that banks would fight the legislation. Whether one agrees with that position or not, it reveals something important: stablecoins are no longer being treated as a niche crypto product. They are increasingly being viewed as competitors to core banking products, and at the center of that debate is a simple question: should digital dollars remain passive cash equivalents, or evolve into productive capital?

If U.S. law blocks that model at home, it will shape how stablecoins evolve in the American market. But it will not settle the broader question. Outside the United States, places with different rules will keep pushing this model forward.

Once stablecoins earn from real assets, you no longer have to choose between holding dollars and putting them to work. The yield has to come from real assets, real underwriting, and real reporting. That is exactly what makes it credible.

Crypto loves to call every upgrade a revolution. This one is simpler. Stablecoins solved digital settlement. Now they need to make dollars work.

Note: The views expressed in this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of CoinDesk, Inc. or its owners and affiliates .

In May, combined exchange volumes fell 3.45% to $4.41T; the lowest since September 2024. RWA perpetual futures volumes rose 10.4% against the trend, hitting a new all-time high.

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